With reference to India, consider the following statements:
There is only one citizenship and one domicile in India. Only a person who is a citizen by birth can become the head of the state.
A foreigner who has once been granted citizenship cannot be deprived of it under any circumstances.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(A) only 1
(B) only 2
(C) 1 and 3
(D) 2 and 3
Statement 1 is correct. In India, the allegiance of citizens is only to the Union. There is no separate state citizenship. Also, when an Indian citizen voluntarily acquires citizenship of another country, his Indian citizenship automatically ceases. Only one domicile is permitted in India.
What is meant by constitutional government?
(A) A representative government with a federal structure of a nation
(B) A government whose head has nominal powers
(C) A government whose head has real powers
(D) A government which is bound by the limitations of the constitution
Constitutional government is a government which runs according to the constitution of the country. It refers to a government which is limited by the constitution which may be written or unwritten. The rules and policies of the government are limited by a constitution which describes the basic law of the land.
What was the actual constitutional status of India on 26 January 1950?
(A) Democratic Republic
(B) Sovereign Democratic Republic
(C) Sovereign Secular Democratic Republic
(D) Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic
On 26 January 1950, India was granted the constitutional status of a 'sovereign, democratic, republic'.
What is the status of the right to property in India?
(A) It is a legal right, which is available only to citizens
(B) It is a legal right, which is available to any person
(C) It is a fundamental right, which is available only to citizens
(D) It is neither a fundamental right nor a legal right
The Supreme Court has recently held that the right of a citizen to own private property is a human right. Right to property is a legal right available to any person. Article 300-A provides that no person shall be deprived of his property except by authority of law.
Under the Indian Constitution, centralisation of wealth violates what?
(A) Right to equality
(B) Directive Principles of State Policy
(C) Right to liberty
(D) Concept of welfare
According to Article 39 (c) of the Directive Principles of the Indian Constitution, the operation of the economic system shall not result in concentration of wealth and means of production to the general detriment. Hence, concentration of wealth violates the Directive Principles of State Policy.
Which of the following factors determines the best protection of liberty in a liberal democracy?
(A) A committed judiciary
(B) Centralisation of powers
(C) Elected government
(D) Separation of powers
Separation of powers between the legislature, executive and judiciary is an important safeguard of liberty in a liberal democracy.
With reference to the Indian Judiciary, consider the following statements:
A retired judge of the Supreme Court may be called upon by the Chief Justice of India with the prior permission of the President of India to sit and act as a Judge of the Supreme Court.
Any High Court in India has the power to review its judgment, as does the Supreme Court.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
The correct answer is option 1. In political science, the word State has a more specific and definite meaning- The word State means a politically organised community or society under an independent government within a definite territory. It has the privilege of making laws.
Which one of the following best defines the term ‘State’?
(A) A community of persons residing permanently in a definite territory without any external control and having an organised government.
(B) A politically organised people of a definite territory having the right to govern themselves, to maintain law and order, to protect their natural rights and to secure their means of livelihood.
(C) A number of persons having lived in a definite territory for a very long time with their own culture, tradition and system of government.
(D) A society residing permanently in a definite territory having a central authority and an executive answerable to the central authority and an independent judiciary.
In the Indian polity, which one of the following is an essential feature that shows that it is federal in character?
(A) Independence of the judiciary is secured.
(B) The legislature of the Union consists of elected representatives of the constituent units.
(C) The Union Cabinet may have elected representatives of regional parties.
(D) Fundamental Rights are enforceable by the courts.
The correct answer is Division of powers. An essential feature of a federal system is division of powers.
Any legislation which gives unguided and uncontrolled discretion to any executive or administrative authority in the matter of enactment of the law violates which of the following articles of the Constitution of India?
(A) Article 14
(B) Article 28
(C) Article 32
(D) Article 44
The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India. The said article is clearly bifurcated – while it commands the State not to deny to any person 'equality before the law', it also commands the State not to deny to any person the equal protection of the laws. Equality before the law prohibits discrimination. It is a negative concept. The concept of 'equal protection of laws' requires the State to accord special treatment to persons in different situations in order to establish equality among all. It is positive in character.
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