Answer : 1. "Total internal reflection"
Explanation :

Answer: A) Total internal reflection Explanation: A periscope is an optical instrument that uses a system of prisms, lenses, or mirrors to reflect images through a tube.       Light from a distant object strikes the top mirror and is then reflected at an angle of 90 degrees down the periscope tube. At the bottom of the periscope, the light strikes another mirror and is then reflected into the viewer’s eye.   Hence, A periscope works by the principle of Total internal reflection.