Which of the following phrases (I), (II), and (III) given below each sentence should replace the phrase printed in bold letters to make the sentence grammatically correct? Choose the best option among the five given alternatives that reflect the correct use of phrase in the context of the grammatically correct sentence. If the sentence is correct as it is, mark (e) i.e., “No correction required” as the answer. 

Q:

The battle of Saratoga is included by Sir Edward Creasy among his fifteen decisive battles which have, by its result, affected the history of the world.
I. by their results
II. due to its result
III. by virtue of their results

• 1
  Only I is correct
• 2
  Only II is correct
• 3
  Only I and II are correct
• 4
  Both I and III are correct
• 5
  No correction required