Directions: A statement is given followed by two inferences I and II. You have to consider the statement to be true even if it seems to be at variance with commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given inferences, if any, follow from the given statement.

Statement I: Classical Indian logicians (Naiyāyikas) define Upamāna (Comparison) as the cognition of the new object through similarity, known by another means of cognition. 

Statement II: Naiyāyikas consider upamāna as a type of inductive reasoning and therefore view it as a type of inference (anumāna) only. 

In the following question below are given some statements followed by some conclusions based on those statements. Taking the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusion logically follows the given statements.

Statements:
 Some coats are tables.
 No table is a mirror.
 All golds are tables.

Conclusions:
 I. Some coats being golds is a possibility.
 II. No gold is a mirror.
 III. All tables are golds.
 IV. No coat is a mirror.

Directions: A statement is given followed by two inferences I and II. You have to consider the statement to be true even if it seems to be at variance with commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given inferences, if any, follow from the given statement.

Statement:
 Extensive use of pesticides in agricultural production contaminates soil and water, remain in the crops and finally enter food chain, thereby posing threat to the human beings.

Inference:
I. Excessive use of pesticides in agricultural production is not good for people.
II. Excessive use of pesticides in agricultural production can have a bad effect on water.

In the following question below are given some statements followed by some conclusions based on those statements. Taking the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusion logically follows the given statements.

Statements:
 Some poems are horses.
 All horses are toys.
 All toys are ships.

Conclusions:
 I. All toys being poems is a possibility.
 II. Some horses are ships.

In this question, the statement is followed by two conclusions. Which of the two conclusion(s) is/are true?
 Statement:
 A = B ≥ C ≤ D > G < E < F

Conclusions:
 I. B > F
 II. C < A

In this question, a statement is followed by two courses of action, numbered I and II. You must assume everything in the statement to be true and on the basis of the information given in the statement, decide which course of action/s logically follows for pursuing.

Statement: There is a large increase in migration of villagers to urban areas as repeated crop failure has put them into financial problems. Course of action:
 I. The villagers should be provided with an alternate source of income in their villages which will make them stay there only.
 II. To ensure their survival, the migrated villagers should be given access to all housing options in urban areas.

In the following question below are given some statements followed by some conclusions based on those statements. Taking the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusion logically follows the given statements.

Statements:
 No student is a teacher.
 All students are children.
 Some girls are students.

Conclusions:
 I. Some children are not teachers.
 II. Some girls are not teachers.
 III. No girl is a teacher.

In this question, two statements I and II have been given. These statements may be independent causes or effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of the statements may be the effect of the other statement. Read both statements and select the correct answer.
I. Country X reduced their crude oil import by 6% in the last 5 years.
II. The automobile industry in Country X has witnessed a sharp decline of 13% in its growth margin this year.