The crop field is an artificial ecosystem. 

Soil erosion which is also called the 'creeping death of the soil' is a global problem (Tripathi and Singh, 1993). India is facing soil erosion problems in sectors such as reservoir siltation, soil-degradation and in agricultural sectors mainly.

The Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006 recognizes the rights of the forest dwelling tribal communities and other traditional forest dwellers to forest resources, on which these communities were dependent for a variety of needs, including livelihood, habitation and other socio-cultural needs.

Conservation is not a process where anything gets erode, degrade, etc. like Deforestation, Desertification, and Erosion.

The correct answer is Bristlecone pines. Bristlecone pines are the oldest non-clonal species on the planet.

It is the number of species unique to each environment that is used to calculate species diversity between two nearby ecosystems. Considering the above slope example, the species diversity between any two patches and their communities in that particular slope represents beta diversity.

All statements about forests are correct

1. In a forest, trees form the uppermost layer of vegetation.

2. Forests protect the soil from erosion.

3. Forests influence climate, water cycle and air quality.