Q: Edwin Lemert described primary deviance as

• 1
  Violates a society’s formally enacted criminal law.
• 2
  How others respond to the behavior in question.
• 3
  Deviance affirms cultural values and norms, responding to deviance promotes social unity, responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries.
• 4
  A passing episode of deviance that has little effect on the person's self-concept.