The term "overdose" in the context of essential elements for plants suggests an excess or imbalance of nutrients, which can have negative effects on plant health. Among the options given:

(A) Nitrogen

Explanation: While all nutrients are essential for plant growth, an overdose or excessive application of nitrogen (option A) can lead to problems such as nutrient imbalance, environmental pollution, and increased susceptibility to certain diseases. Excessive nitrogen can cause rapid vegetative growth, but it may negatively impact other aspects of plant health, such as root development, flowering, and overall resilience.

Balanced nutrient management is crucial for optimal plant growth, and it's important to consider the specific requirements of each plant species and the soil conditions to avoid nutrient imbalances and potential negative effects on plant health.

The different breeds mentioned—Gir, Sahiwal, and Lal Singhi—are associated with:

(A) Cow

Explanation:

Gir, Sahiwal, and Lal Singhi are breeds of cows (cattle). These breeds are known for their distinct characteristics, including milk production, adaptability to specific environments, and other traits that make them well-suited for various agricultural purposes. Therefore, the correct answer is (A) Cow.

Cartilage is not found in:

(C) in the kidney

Explanation:

Cartilage is a connective tissue that is flexible and provides support to various structures in the body. However, it is not found in the kidney. The kidney primarily consists of renal tissue, blood vessels, and other specialized structures involved in the filtration of blood and the formation of urine. Cartilage is commonly found in areas such as the nose, ears, joints, and certain respiratory structures, but it is not a component of the kidney.