1. Part IV-A of the Constitution of India deals with the duties of the citizens. Article 51A lists 11 fundamental duties in this part.

2. These duties motivate citizens to understand and fulfil their responsibilities towards their country, society and environment.

3. The fundamental duties of citizens were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment in 1976 on the recommendations of the Swarn Singh Committee.

4. The fundamental duties of the citizens of India are as follows-

- Adhere to the Constitution and respect its ideals, institutions, national flag and national anthem.

- Keep in your heart the high ideals that inspired the national movement for independence and follow them.

- Protect India's sovereignty, unity and integrity and keep it intact.

-Defend the country and serve the nation when called upon.

- To create a spirit of harmony and common brotherhood among all the people of India, transcending all forms of discrimination based on religion, language, region or class, and to abandon such practices which are against the dignity of women.

- Understand the importance of the glorious tradition of our composite culture and preserve it.

- Protect and improve the natural environment which includes forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and have compassion for living beings.

- Develop humanism from the scientific point of view and the spirit of learning and improvement.

- Keep public property safe and stay away from violence.

- Make continuous efforts to move towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activities so that the nation can progress and achieve new heights of achievement.

- To provide opportunities for education to our children between the ages of six and fourteen years (Added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002).

1. Pluto has a natural satellite named Charon.

2. Pluto has five known natural satellites, of which Charon is the largest.

3. Charon's diameter is about half the diameter of Pluto.

4. Its average radius is 606 km (377 mi).

1. In the committee meeting of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) held in November 2010 in Nairobi, the capital of Kenya, Kalbelia dance has also been included in the representative list of intangible cultural heritage.

2. Kalbelia folk songs and dances of Rajasthan were recognized as an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO.

3. Songs and dances are an expression of the traditional lifestyle of the Kalbelia community.

4. The Kalbelia dance is performed only by the women, while the men play instruments and provide the music.

5. The people of Kalbelia tribe once used to catch snakes professionally.

1. The emergency provisions in the Indian Constitution are divided into three parts, which include national emergency (Article-352), failure of constitutional machinery in states/President's rule (Article-356) and financial emergency (Article-360).

2. Articles 352 to 360 in Part XVIII of the Indian Constitution deal with the provisions relating to Emergency.

3. National Emergency can be declared only after a resolution is passed by both the Houses of Parliament.

4. The resolution should contain an express proposal to enable the President to declare a national emergency.

According to Article 51A of the Indian Constitution, the above views on fundamental duties are correct.

I. to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.

II. to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so. 

The Preamble was amended in 1976. The words “Socialist”, “Secular” and “Integrity” were added in the Preamble by 42nd Amendment Act 1976.