(D) Kwashiorkor

Kwashiorkor is a disease caused by a deficiency of protein in the diet. It often occurs in areas where there is a lack of access to an adequate protein source. The condition is more common in developing countries and can affect children, leading to symptoms such as swelling (edema), a distended abdomen, stunted growth, and changes in skin and hair. Protein is essential for the proper growth and maintenance of tissues in the body, and a lack of it can result in severe health issues, as seen in the case of kwashiorkor. Scurvy, Beri-Beri, and Night-Blindness are caused by deficiencies of vitamin C, thiamine (vitamin B1), and vitamin A, respectively, not protein.

(D) Mesocarp

The edible portion of a mango is the mesocarp, which is the fleshy and pulpy middle layer of the fruit. The outer skin (exocarp) is not typically consumed, and the inner seed (endocarp) is also not eaten. The mesocarp is the part that is juicy, sweet, and commonly enjoyed in various culinary applications, such as eating the fruit fresh, making juices, or incorporating it into salads and desserts.

(C) Spinal cord

Vertebrae are part of the spinal column, also known as the backbone or spine. The spinal column is a bony structure that encases and protects the spinal cord, which is a crucial component of the central nervous system. The spinal cord is responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body, allowing for communication and coordination of various bodily functions.

All democratic countries are most likely to have a constitution. However, there are exceptions as a democratic country may not have a constitution. For example, Britain does not have a codified constitution. All countries that have a constitution are not necessarily democratic.

Article 51 'A', contained in Part IV A of the Constitution deals with Fundamental Duties.

The study of properties and methods of biological systems found in nature and the application of this knowledge in the design and improvement of artificial systems is known as:

(A) Bionics

Explanation:

Bionics: Bionics is an interdisciplinary field that combines biology and engineering. It involves studying natural systems to understand their design and functionality and then applying this knowledge to create or improve artificial systems. The goal is to develop technologies inspired by nature. For example, designing a robot based on the principles observed in animal locomotion or creating materials inspired by the structure of biological tissues.

The other options:

Bionomics: This term is more commonly associated with the ecological study of organisms and their relationships with each other and their environment.

Bionomy: This term is not commonly used, and its meaning can vary in different contexts.

Biometry: Biometry usually refers to the statistical analysis of biological data.

Therefore, the correct answer is (A) Bionics.

Entomology is the scientific study of insects. It involves the examination of the biology, behavior, ecology, taxonomy, physiology, and evolution of insects. Entomologists, the scientists who specialize in this field, study a vast and diverse group of organisms, which make up the largest class of animals on Earth. The knowledge gained through entomology has wide-ranging applications, from understanding ecosystems and biodiversity to pest management and forensic entomology.

The first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 was:

(A) Penicillin

Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin revolutionized medicine by introducing the first widely used antibiotic, which proved effective against a variety of bacterial infections.