1. The domed internal landform created by volcanic activity is called a batholith.

2. The process of volcanism includes the process from the formation of magma and gas in the Earth's interior to the formation of lava coming to the Earth's crust and the landforms resulting from it. The explosiveness of a volcano is determined based on the amount of silica in the magma.

3. Classification of volcanoes on the basis of activity -

- Active Volcano: Volcanoes from which lava, gas and fragmented materials are always coming out are called active volcanoes. Stromboli (Sicily), Etna (Italy), Cotopaxi (Ecuador), Barren Island (Andaman Nicobar, India) etc. are examples of active volcanoes.

- Dormant Volcano: This category includes those volcanoes which have not been active for years but can erupt at any time. This category includes Krakatau of Indonesia and Narcondam Island of Andaman.

- Dead Volcano: This category includes those volcanoes in which no eruption has taken place for thousands of years. Chimbarrazo of Ecuador and Kohsultan of Iran are its main examples.

1. Chambal Fertilizer and Chemicals, one of the largest private-sector fertilizer-producing companies in India, is based in Kota.

2. Its three high-tech nitrogenous fertilizer plants are located at Gadepan in the Kota district of Rajasthan.

1. Shiva temple named "Barah Devra" is situated in Jahazpur.

2. Due to the presence of a group of 12 temples here, it was called Barah Deora. Reportedly, there are 12 Deoras here, but only 11 temples are fully constructed.

3. The Barah Deora group of temples is an important religious and tourist destination. This temple complex is an important evidence of the ancient history and culture of Rajasthan.

1. Mahatma Gandhi is considered the 'Father' of the Indian nation.

2. In India, Gandhi Jayanti is celebrated on 2 October to commemorate the birth of Mahatma Gandhi.

3. Mahatma Gandhi's ideas about self-reliance and handicrafts were directly linked to his views on industries and industrial society.

4. Gandhiji believed that industrial societies were based on the endless production of goods.

1. Mahamaru style developed mainly in Marudesh, Sapadalaksha, Surasena and parts of Uparmal.

2. The patrons of the Mahamaru temple construction architectural style are Gurjara-Pratihar.

3. This style was very popular in Rajasthan from 8th to 12th century, obscene statues have also been made in it.

Example- Harshnath Temple (Sikar), Kiradu Temple (Barmer)

1. Antyodaya Scheme in Rajasthan was started in 1977 in the Chief Minister's office of Bhairo Singh Shekhawat. This scheme was launched to provide assistance to the poorest families of Rajasthan. Under this scheme, poor families are provided access to basic amenities like food grains, education, health, and housing.

2. Bhairo Singh Shekhawat was the Chief Minister of Rajasthan from 1977 to 1980. He was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He initiated many important schemes and policies in Rajasthan, including Antyodaya Yojana.

 1. The initial Act covered 108 services of 15 major government departments, envisaged time-bound performance of duties by government officials and provided for cash penalties for offenders.

2. To promote good governance: The objective of this Act is to make the state government accountable for providing quality and timely public services to the citizens.

3. To protect the rights of citizens: The objective of this Act is to provide the citizens with the right to receive their public services in the stipulated time frame and with quality.

4. Simplifying government procedures: The objective of this Act is to make government procedures simple and transparent so that citizens find it easier to understand and follow them.

1. Dairy development was initiated by the state government in the early seventies under the aegis of Rajasthan State Dairy Development Corporation (RSDDC), registered in 1975. Two years later the RCDF took over responsibility for many of the RSDDC's functions.

2. It has become the nodal agency for the implementation of Operation Flood in the state.

3. The Rajasthan Cooperative Dairy Federation (RCDF), established in 1977 as the implementing agency for dairy development programs in Rajasthan, is registered as a Society under the Rajasthan Cooperative Societies Act 196.