Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, the former Indian President, received the Bharat Ratna award in the year:

(C) 1997

The term of office for a temporary member of the UN Security Council is 2 years.

Non-permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are elected for a term of two years. These members are elected by the United Nations General Assembly, and five of them are elected each year. The rotation ensures that there is a turnover of membership, bringing in new countries to contribute to the Security Council's work and decision-making processes. This system is designed to provide a degree of continuity while allowing for diverse representation from various regions of the world.

Soil erosion which is also called the 'creeping death of the soil' is a global problem (Tripathi and Singh, 1993). India is facing soil erosion problems in sectors such as reservoir siltation, soil-degradation and in agricultural sectors mainly.