Explanation: The Saraswati River was revered in Vedic texts, although its exact location is a topic of historical debate.

Lothal is close to Saragwala village that’s in Ahmedabad district. In between 1955 and 1962, it was excavated in the direction of S.R. Rao, where the remain of a town two miles inhabited received. It was divided in 6 parts. The ruins of Defence ramparts, roads and houses and elevated platforms were found here. Here the most valuable achievement was a large size cardoon (214×3 cm) which was made up of pared brick. Rao said this ‘the ships dock’. Hence lothal was a port city. It was situated on the banks of bhoguva river. Two different mounds are not found in Lothal. The entire along was surrounded by a single wall.

Gautam Buddha died at Kushinagar in 483 B.C., this is called Mahaparinirvana in Buddism.

The Worship of Mothergoddess was the specific characteristic of Indus Valley Civilization. Archocology evidences prove this fact.

Artificial Dockyard of Indus Valley civilization was at Lothal.           

In India, Nalanda university was established in 5th century by KumarGupta first (415-455 AD). The famous chinese Traveller Hsuan Tsang lived there and studied for 18 months. At that time ‘Sheel Bhadra Yajee’ was the chancellor of Nalanda university. The famous scholars of this university were ‘Chandragomina’ ‘Shantirakshit’ and Kashmiri monk ‘Padmasambhava’

Buddha attained enlightenment in Bodhgaya.

The spherical dome structure is built on the sacred ruins of Buddhist is called ‘Stupa’ (cairn). This stupa is called ‘Chaitya’ also