The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley civilization, flourished around 3300 to 1300 BCE. It was one of the world's earliest urban civilizations, and its remains have been discovered in the modern-day countries of India and Pakistan, as well as Afghanistan and Iran. The civilization was named after the ancient city of Harappa, one of its major centers.

Ajat Shatru, Bimbisara and Udayin were contemporary to Buddha. Mahapadmananda was not contemporary ruler to Buddha.

The fifth Buddhist Council was held at Kannaj during the Reign of Harsha, while third was during the reign of Ashoka and fourth was held during the reign of Buddha.

Explanation: The Vedas are a collection of hymns dedicated to deities, natural forces, and elements.

Early Buddhist Texts were composed in Pali language. At that time, Pali was the language of general people. Later, Buddist Texts were written in Sanskrit also.

Bengal Partition

1. In 1905, Lord Curzon divided the Bengal province of India into two parts.

2. West Bengal was Hindu majority, while East Bengal was Muslim majority.

3. The purpose of this partition was to create a Muslim-majority province in India, but instead, it led to communal tension and strengthening of the Indian national movement.

4. Opposition to the Partition of Bengal was widespread across India, and it was eventually annulled in 1911.

Mahavira was the 24th Tirthankara of Joins and original Founder of Jainism. The 23rd tirthankar of Jains was Pasravnath.

1. Among the following revolutionaries, Surya Sen was known as 'Master Da'.

2. He was an Indian revolutionary who led the Chittagong Armory Raid of 1930.

3. He was a school teacher by profession and was popularly known as Master Da.

4. In 1918, he was elected as the President of the Chittagong branch of the Indian National Congress.